I te pakeketanga o te tangata, ka kitea te hekenga o te mahi a te roro. I roto i ngā tāngata 20-49 tau te pakeke, ka tīmata te nuinga ki te kite i te hekenga o te mahi hinengaro ina pāngia rātou e te ngaronga o te mahara, te wareware rānei. Mō te hunga 50-59 tau te pakeke, ka kitea te hekenga o te hinengaro ina tīmata rātou ki te pāngia e te hekenga o te mahara.
I te tūhuratanga i ngā huarahi hei whakarei ake i te mahi a te roro, ka arotahi ngā rōpū reanga rerekē ki ngā āhuatanga rerekē. Ko te hunga 20-29 tau te pakeke e aro nui ana ki te whakapai ake i te moe hei whakanui ake i te mahi a te roro (44.7%), ko te hunga 30-39 tau te pakeke e hiahia nui ana ki te whakaiti i te ngenge (47.5%). Mō te hunga 40-59 tau te pakeke, ko te whakapai ake i te aro te mea nui ki te whakarei ake i te mahi a te roro (40-49 tau: 44%, 50-59 tau: 43.4%).
Ngā Kai Rongonui i te Mākete Hauora Roro o Hapani
E ai ki te ia o te ao mō te whai i tētahi momo noho hauora, ko te mākete kai mahi a Hapani e aro nui ana ki ngā otinga mō ngā take hauora motuhake, ko te hauora o te roro te kaupapa matua. I te 11 o Tīhema, 2024, kua rēhitatia e Hapani te 1,012 o ngā kai mahi (e ai ki ngā raraunga mana), 79 o ēnei e pā ana ki te hauora o te roro. I roto i ēnei, ko te GABA te kai e whakamahia nuitia ana, ā, whai muri korūtein/zeaxanthin, tangohanga rau ginkgo (flavonoids, terpenoids),DHA, Bifidobacterium MCC1274, Portulaca oleracea saponins, paclitaxel, imidazolidine peptides,PQQ, me te ergothioneine.
1. GABA
Ko te GABA (te waikawa γ-aminobutyric) he waikawa amino kore-proteinogenic i kitea tuatahitia e Steward mā i roto i te kiko o te kōpura rīwai i te tau 1949. I te tau 1950, i kitea e Roberts mā te GABA i roto i ngā roro o ngā kararehe, i hangaia mā te α-decarboxylation kore e taea te huri o te glutamate, ōna tote rānei, i whakakorikoria e te glutamate decarboxylase.
He neurotransmitter tino nui te GABA e kitea whānuitia ana i roto i te pūnaha io o ngā kararehe. Ko tana mahi matua he whakaiti i te whakaohooho o ngā neuron mā te aukati i te tuku tohu io. I roto i te roro, he mea nui te taurite i waenga i te neurotransmission aukati e whakahaerehia ana e te GABA me te neurotransmission whakaohooho e whakahaerehia ana e te glutamate hei pupuri i te pumau o te kiriuhi pūtau me te mahi noa o te nerve.
E whakaatu ana ngā rangahau ka taea e te GABA te aukati i ngā huringa neurodegenerative me te whakapai ake i te mahara me ngā mahi hinengaro. E whakaatu ana ngā rangahau kararehe ka whakapai ake te GABA i te mahara roa i roto i ngā kiore me te hekenga hinengaro, ā, ka whakatairanga i te tipu o ngā pūtau neuroendocrine PC-12. I roto i ngā whakamātautau haumanu, kua whakaatuhia e te GABA te whakanui ake i ngā taumata o te toto roro-i ahu mai i te neurotrophic factor (BDNF) me te whakaiti i te mōrearea o te dementia me te mate a Alzheimer i roto i ngā wāhine waenga-pakeke.
Hei tāpiritanga, he pānga pai tō te GABA ki te wairua, te ahotea, te ngenge, me te moe. E whakaatu ana ngā rangahau ka taea e te ranunga o te GABA me te L-theanine te whakaiti i te roa o te moe, te whakanui ake i te roa o te moe, me te whakanui ake i te whakaaturanga o te GABA me ngā waeine kaiwhakawhiwhi glutamate GluN1.
2. Lutein/Zeaxanthin
Luteinhe carotenoid whai hāora tēnei, he mea tito mai i ngā toenga isoprene e waru, he polyene kāore i te mākū kei roto e iwa ngā hononga takirua, e mimiti ana, e tuku ana hoki i te mārama i ngā roangaru motuhake, ka hoatu he āhuatanga tae ahurei.Zeaxanthinhe isomer o te lutein, he rerekē te tūranga o te here takirua i roto i te mowhiti.
Lutein me te zeaxanthinko ngā tae matua i roto i te retina. Ko te Lutein te nuinga e kitea ana i roto i te retina taha, ko te zeaxanthin ia e kukū ana i roto i te macula pokapū. Ko ngā pānga tiaki olutein me te zeaxanthinKo ngā mahi hei whakapai ake i te tirohanga ko te whakapai ake i te tirohanga, te aukati i te pirau kanohi e pā ana ki te koroheketanga (AMD), te katarata, te glaucoma, me te aukati i te retinopathy i roto i ngā pēpi i whānau i te wā o mua.
I te tau 2017, i kitea e ngā kairangahau o Te Whare Wānanga o Georgialutein me te zeaxanthinhe pānga pai ki te hauora o te roro o ngā kaumātua. I whakaatuhia e te rangahau he nui ake ngā taumata o telutein me te zeaxanthini whakaatu i te iti o te mahi roro i te wā e mahi ana i ngā mahi maumahara takirua kupu, e tohu ana i te pai ake o te mahi io.
I tua atu, i kōrerotia i roto i tētahi rangahau ko te Lutemax 2020, he tāpiringa lutein mai i Omeo, i tino whakanui ake i te taumata o te BDNF (te take neurotrophic i ahu mai i te roro), he pūmua nui e uru ana ki te kirihou o te io, he mea nui hoki mō te tipu me te rerekētanga o ngā neurons, ā, e pā ana ki te whakapai ake i te ako, te mahara, me te mahi hinengaro.
(Ngā tātai hanganga o te lutein me te zeaxanthin)
3. Tangohanga Rau Ginkgo (Flavonoids, Terpenoids)
Ginkgo biloba, te momo anake e ora tonu ana i roto i te whānau ginkgo, e kiia ana he "kohatu ora." Ko ōna rau me ōna purapura e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā rangahau rongoā, ā, ko tētahi o ngā rongoā taiao e whakamahia whānuitia ana puta noa i te ao. Ko ngā matū hohe i roto i te tangohanga rau ginkgo ko ngā flavonoids me ngā terpenoids, he āhuatanga kei a rātou pēnei i te āwhina i te whakaiti i te ngako, ngā pānga antioxidant, te whakapai ake i te mahara, te whakamamae i te taumahatanga o ngā kanohi, me te whakarato tiaki mai i te kino o te ate matū.
E whakamārama ana te pukapuka whakarāpopoto a te World Health Organization mō ngā tipu rongoā i te paerewaginkgoMe whai 22-27% ngā glycoside flavonoid me te 5-7% ngā terpenoid i roto i ngā tangohanga rau, me raro iho i te 5 mg/kg te ihirangi waikawa ginkgo. I Hapani, kua whakatakotohia e te Health and Nutrition Food Association ngā paerewa kounga mō te tangohanga rau ginkgo, me whai 24% te iti rawa o te ihirangi glycoside flavonoid me te 6% te iti rawa o te ihirangi terpenoid, me pupuri te waikawa ginkgo ki raro iho i te 5 ppm. Ko te kai e taunakitia ana mō ngā pakeke i ia rā kei waenga i te 60 me te 240 mg.
Kua whakaatuhia e ngā rangahau mā te kai roa i te tangohanga rau ginkgo paerewa, ki te whakaritea ki te placebo, ka taea te whakapai ake i ētahi mahi hinengaro, tae atu ki te tika o te mahara me ngā pūkenga whakatau. Heoi anō, kua pūrongohia te tangohanga ginkgo hei whakapai ake i te rere o te toto me te mahi a te roro.
4. DHA
DHAKo te waikawa docosahexaenoic (DO) he waikawa ngako polyunsaturated roa-mekameka (PUFA). He nui tēnei i roto i ngā kaimoana me ā rātou hua, inā koa ngā ika momona, e whakarato ana i te 0.68-1.3 karamu o te DHA mō ia 100 karamu. He iti ake te nui o te DHA i roto i ngā kai kararehe pēnei i te hua manu me te mīti. Hei tāpiri, kei roto hoki i te waiū u tangata me te waiū o ētahi atu kararehe te DHA. I kitea i roto i ngā rangahau mō ngā wāhine neke atu i te 2,400 puta noa i te 65 rangahau ko te kukū toharite o te DHA i roto i te waiū u he 0.32% o te taumaha waikawa ngako katoa, mai i te 0.06% ki te 1.4%, ā, ko ngā taupori takutai moana te hunga e whiwhi ana i te kukū DHA teitei rawa atu i roto i te waiū u.
E pā ana te DHA ki te whanaketanga o te roro, te mahi, me ngā mate. E whakaatu ana ngā rangahau whānui i tērāDHAka taea te whakarei ake i te tukunga o ngā pūtau io, te tipu o ngā pūtau io, te kirihou o te synaptic, me te tukunga o ngā neurotransmitter. I whakaatuhia e tētahi tātaritanga-maha o ngā whakamātautau whakahaere matapōkere 15, ko te kai toharite o te 580 mg o te DHA i ia rā i whakapai ake i te mahara ā-wā i roto i ngā pakeke hauora (18-90 tau te pakeke) me te hunga he ngoikore te hinengaro.
Ko ngā tikanga mahi a te DHA ko: 1) te whakaora i te ōwehenga PUFA n-3/n-6; 2) te aukati i te mumura roro e pā ana ki te koroheketanga i puta mai i te kaha rawa o te pūtau microglial M1; 3) te pehi i te momo astrocyte A1 mā te whakaheke i ngā tohu A1 pēnei i te C3 me te S100B; 4) te aukati whai hua i te ara tohu proBDNF/p75 me te kore e whakarerekē i te tohu neurotrophic factor-associated kinase B i ahu mai i te roro; me te 5) te whakatairanga i te oranga o ngā neuron mā te whakanui ake i ngā taumata phosphatidylserine, e āwhina ana i te whakawhiti me te whakahohenga o te membrane protein kinase B (Akt).
5. Bifidobacterium MCC1274
Kua whakaatuhia he nui ngā taunekeneke a te puku, e kiia ana ko te "roro tuarua," ki te roro. Ka taea e te puku, hei okana e neke ana i roto i te tinana, te mahi motuhake me te kore he tohutohu tika mai i te roro. Heoi, ko te hononga i waenga i te puku me te roro ka mau tonu mā te pūnaha io motuhake, ngā tohu homoni, me ngā cytokine, ka hanga i te mea e mōhiotia ana ko te "tuaka puku-roro".
Kua whakaatuhia e ngā rangahau he wāhi nui tā ngā huakita puku ki te kohikohinga o te pūmua β-amyloid, he tohu matua mō te mate a Alzheimer. Ki te whakatauritea ki ngā mana hauora, kua iti ake te kanorau o ngā microbiota puku o ngā tūroro Alzheimer, me te hekenga o te nui o te Bifidobacterium.
I roto i ngā rangahau wawaotanga tangata i runga i ngā tāngata he ngoikore te hinengaro (MCI), i tino pai ake te mahi hinengaro i roto i te Rivermead Behavioral Memory Test (RBANS) i te kai i te Bifidobacterium MCC1274. I tino pai ake hoki ngā kaute i roto i ngā wāhanga pēnei i te mahara tonu, te kaha tirohanga-ā-wāhi, te tukatuka uaua, me te mahara whakaroa.
Wā tuku: Hanuere-07-2025