Ko te Sophora japonica, e mōhiotia whānuitia ana ko te rākau pagoda, tētahi o ngā momo rākau tawhito rawa atu o Haina. E whakaatu ana ngā tuhinga hītori mai i te pukapuka tawhito o mua i te wā o Qin, a Shan Hai Jing (Classic of Mountains and Seas) i tōna horapa, me te kī i ngā kīanga pēnei i te "Kī tonu a Maunga Shou i ngā rākau sophora" me te "He nui ngā sophora i ngā ngahere o Maunga Li." E whakaatu ana ēnei kōrero i te tipu whānui o te rākau puta noa i Haina mai i ngā wā onamata.
Hei tohu tipu e mau pūmau ana ki te tikanga tuku iho, kua whakatupuhia e te sophora tētahi taonga tuku iho ahurea whai rawa. He mea whakanuia mō tōna āhua rangatira me te hononga ki te waimarie i roto i te mana whakahaere, ā, kua whakaohokia e ia ngā whakatupuranga o ngā tohunga mātauranga. I roto i ngā tikanga tuku iho, e whakaponohia ana ka ārai te rākau i ngā wairua kino, ā, kua roa nei ōna rau, ōna putiputi, me ōna pū e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā rongoā tuku iho.
I te tau 2002, i whakamanahia mana ngā putiputi sophora (huaihua) me ngā puku (huaimi) e te Manatū Hauora o Haina hei matū mahi rua mō te rongoā me te tunu kai (Tuhinga Nama [2002]51), e tohu ana i tō rātou whakaurunga ki roto i te puranga tuatahi o ngā rauemi yao shi tong yuan (te hononga kai-rongoā) o te motu.
Kōtaha Pūtaiao
Ingoa pūtaiao: Styphnolobium japonicum (L.) Schott
He rākau rau-kore tēnei nō te whānau Fabaceae, he hina pouri te kiri, he matotoru ngā rau, ā, he pūhui ngā rau. Ka pua te raumati i ōna putiputi kōwhai-kirikiri, kakara mārie, ā, muri iho ka puta ko ngā puku kikokiko, rite ki te pītiti, e iri ana i ngā manga.
E rua ngā momo matua o Haina: ko te Styphnolobium japonicum taketake (Chinese sophora) me te Robinia pseudoacacia (black locust, "foreign sophora" rānei) i kawemai i te rautau 19. Ahakoa he rite te āhua, he rerekē ngā whakamahinga—ko ngā putiputi o te black locust ka kainga hei kai, ko ngā putiputi o te momo taketake he nui ake te uara rongoā nā te nui ake o ngā kukū matū koiora.
Te Rerekētanga: Ngā Puawai me ngā Puku
Ko ngā kupu huaihua me huaimi e pā ana ki ngā wāhanga whanaketanga rerekē:
- Huaihua: Ngā putiputi kua puāwai katoa
- Huaimi: Ngā puku putiputi kāore anō kia puare
Ahakoa ngā rerekētanga o ngā wā hauhake, e whakarōpūhia ana ēnei e rua ki raro i ngā "puawai sophora" i roto i te whakamahinga tūturu.
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Ngā Whakamahinga Rongoā o Mua
E whakarōpūtia ana ngā putiputi Sophora e te rongoā tuku iho hei kaiwhakamatao ate. E kī ana te Compendium of Materia Medica (Ben Cao Gang Mu): "Ka mahi ngā putiputi Sophora ki ngā wāhanga toto o ngā meridian Yangming me Jueyin, ā, ka rongoā i ngā mate e pā ana."
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Ngā Tirohanga Pūtaiao Hou
E kitea ana i roto i ngā rangahau o nāianei ngā wāhanga koiora whai kiko i roto i ngā putiputi me ngā puku, tae atu ki ngā saponin triterpenoid, ngā flavonoid (quercetin, rutin), ngā waikawa ngako, ngā tannin, ngā alkaloid, me ngā polysaccharides. Ngā kitenga matua:
1. Whare Pūngao Ārai Matewai
- He kaha ngā flavonoid pēnei i te rutin me te quercetin ki te tango i ngā rauropi kore utu.
- He 20-30% te teitei ake o te tapeke o ngā phenolics me ngā flavonoids i roto i ngā puku i ngā pua tuwhera.
- Ka whakaatuhia e Quercetin ngā pānga antioxidant e whakawhirinaki ana ki te horopeta mā te whakahaere glutathione me te whakakore i te ROS.
2. Tautoko Ngākau
- Ka ārai i te kohikohinga pereti toto (ka whakaiti i te mōrearea o te whiu) mā te quercetin me te rutin.
- Ka tiaki i ngā toto whero mai i te kino waikura, ka pupuri i te hauora o ngā uaua toto.
3. Ngā Āhuatanga Ārai-Glycation
- Ka pehi i te hanganga o ngā hua mutunga glycation matatau (AGEs) mā te 76.85% i roto i ngā tauira ika zebra.
- Ka whawhai ki te koroheketanga o te kiri me ngā raruraru mate huka mā te aukati i ngā ara maha.
4. Ngā Pānga Tiaki-Rau
- Ka whakaiti i ngā wāhi e pāngia ana e te mate roro i roto i ngā tauira whiu kiore mā te 40-50%.
- Ka aukati i te whakahohenga o te microglial me ngā cytokine pro-inflammatory (hei tauira, IL-1β), ka whakaiti i te mate o ngā neuron.
Ngā Ahumahi me ngā Taupānga o te Mākete
Ko te mākete tango sophora o te ao, e $202 miriona te uara i te tau 2025, e matapaetia ana ka eke ki te $379 miriona i te tau 2033 (8.2% CAGR). Kei te whānui haere ngā tono:
- Rongoā: Ngā rongoā hemostatic, ngā whakatakotoranga ārai-mumura
- Ngā Nutraceuticals: Ngā tāpiringa antioxidant, ngā kaiwhakahaere huka toto
- Ngā mea whakapaipai: Ngā hinu ārai-pakeketanga, ngā kirimi whakakanapa
- Ahumahi Kai: Ngā kai whai hua, ngā tī otaota
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Whiwhinga Whakaahua: Pixabay
Ngā Tohutoro Pūtaiao:
- Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2023) mō ngā tikanga ārai mate
- Ngā Rohe i roto i te Rongoā (2022) e whakaatu ana i ngā ara tiaki io
- Te tātaritanga ahumahi o te Rangahau Mākete Hinengaro (2024)
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Ngā Tuhipoka Arotau:
- Ngā kupu hangarau e tiakina ana kia tika ai, i te wā e whakahou ana i ngā hanganga rerenga kōrero
- Kua whakarāpopototia ngā kōrero tuku iho kia kore ai e whakahuatia anōtia
- Kua whakahoutia ngā horopaki o ngā raraunga ki ngā tohutoro rangahau o nāianei
- Ngā tatauranga mākete e whakaatuhia ana mā roto i ngā tauira wetereo rerekē
Wā tuku: Pipiri-18-2025