Kei raro i te pahuka e hurihuri ana o te pia amipere te taonga tipu kāore i tino arohia. Mai anō i te rautau 9 AD, i whakamahia hei matū tiaki taiao e ngā kaihanga pia Pākehā. I ēnei rā, kua waiho hei rauemi mata nui mō te hanga pia me tōna kawa me tōna kakara ahurei. Ko tēnei momo tipu ko te hopi.
1. Hopi: Te patu makutu mō te hanga pia
Ko te hopi (Humulus lupulus), e mōhiotia ana ko te hopi nakahi, he tipu piki pumau nō te whānau Cannabaceae, ā, ka taea te tipu ki te neke atu i te 7 mita te teitei. He kōniko ngā pua, e kiia ana he kōniko i roto i te pūtaiao, ā, he mea tito mai i ngā rau kapia ngohengohe, kakariki mārama. Ina pakeke, ka kapi ngā kōniko o te hopi i ngā repe anthocyanin e whakaputa ana i te kapia me ngā hinu kakara, ka hanga i te reka me te kakara ahurei o te momo hopi. Ko te tikanga ka kohia ngā kōniko hopi i te mutunga o Ākuhata, i te marama rānei o Hepetema.
Mai anō i ngā wā o Īhipa onamata, kua whakamahia ngā hōpī hei otaota rongoā. I ngā wā o Rōmana, i whakamahia ngā hōpī hei whakapai ake i ngā mate ate me ngā mate pūnaha nakunaku. Mai anō i te rautau 13, kua kiia ngā hōpī he rongoā pai mō te whakapai ake i te kirika me ngā mate whēkau i te rohe Arapi.
I ahu mai te whakamahinga o te hopi i roto i te pia i Ūropi i te rautau 9 AD. I te tīmatanga, i tāpirihia ki te pia nā te mea he āhuatanga tiaki hei whakaroa i te roa o te wā e rongoatia ana. I te Waenganui o ngā Tau, i kitea e ngā kaihanga pia i roto i ngā whare mōneka Tiamana ka taea e ia te whakataurite i te reka o te molt, te hoatu i te pia ki te kawa whakahauora me te kakara momona, ā, nā reira i whakatūria ai tōna tūranga matua i roto i te hanga pia. I ēnei rā, tata ki te 98% o ngā hopi e whakatipuria ana e whakamahia ana i roto i te umanga hanga pia, ā, ko te Hononga o Amerika te kaihanga hopi nui rawa atu o te ao.
2. Ehara i te mea ko te mahi pia anake, he maha atu ngā hua pai o ngā hōpī
Ko te hopi, me tōna kawa me tōna kakara ahurei, kua noho hei rauemi mata e kore e taea te whakamahi mō te hanga pia. Heoi, he nui atu tōna uara i tēnei.
Kua kitea e ngā rangahau hou kei roto i ngā hop ngā waikawa α (te nuinga ko te humulone) me ngā waikawa β (te nuinga ko te humulone), ngā flavonols (quercetin me te kaempferol), ngā flavonoid 3-hinu (te nuinga ko ngā catechins, epicatechins me ngā proanthocyanidins), ngā waikawa phenolic (waikawa ferulic), me te iti noa o ngā isoprene flavonoids (waikawa fulvic). I roto i ēnei, ko ngā waikawa alpha me ngā waikawa beta ngā pūtake matua o te kawa o ngā hop.
He rongoā whakangāwari me te āwhina moe: Ka taea e te Humulone i roto i ngā hop te here ki ngā kaiwhakawhiwhi GABA, ka whakaiti i te manukanuka me te whakatairanga i te moe. Ka taea e te GABA i roto i ngā hop te whakanui ake i te mahi a te neurotransmitter GABA, ā, ka aukati i te pūnaha io matua. E whakaatu ana tētahi whakamātautau tauira kararehe he 2-miramira te kukū o te tangohanga hop ka taea te whakaiti i te mahi pō i roto i te circadian rhythm. Hei whakamutunga, ko te pānga whakangāwari o ngā hop ka whakatairangahia e te mahi whakarei ake a ngā kaiwhakawhiwhi GABA, e kawenga ana mō te tere aukati i te tuku synaptic i roto i te roro. I tēnei wā, he maha ngā wā ka whakakotahi te tangata i ngā hop me te valerian hei hanga tī whakamarie.
Ngā pānga ārai-ātete me te ārai-mumura: Kei roto i ngā hopi ngā koiora-ngota me te kaha ārai-ātete teitei pērā i te flavonols, te rutin (quercetin-3-rutin glycoside), me te astragaloside (kanophenol-3-glucoside), ka taea te ārai pai i ngā kino mai i ngā momo hāora tauhohe. Hei tāpiri, ka taea e te xanthol i roto i ngā hopi te whakakore i ngā rauropi kore utu, te aukati i te ara NF-κB, me te whakamamae i te mumura mau tonu (pērā i te rumatiki).
Ārai mate huakita: Mai i Īhipa onamata, kua whakamahia ngā hōpī hei tiaki kai. He kaha ā-paturopi te waikawa α me te waikawa β i roto i ngā hōpī, ā, ka taea te aukati i te tipu o ngā momo moroiti, tae atu ki te Staphylococcus aureus, te Enterococcus faecalis, te Staphylococcus epidermococcus, te Streptococcus mutans me ngā huakita Gram-pai. Koinei anō tētahi o ngā take i noho haumaru ake ai te pia i te inu wai. Haunga te whakawhiwhi i ngā āhuatanga ā-paturopi, ka āwhina anō te waikawa alpha ki te pupuri i te pumau o te pahuka o te pia.
Te tautoko i te hauora o ngā wāhine: Ka taea e te hop isoprenylnaringin (i ahu mai i te fulminol me ōna hua) te whakaea i te hekenga o ngā taumata 17-β-estradiol i te wā o te menopause. Kei roto i ngā whakaritenga hop te 8-isoprenylnaringin, tētahi o ngā phytoestrogens kaha e mōhiotia ana i roto i te ao tipu. Ka taea te whakamahi i ngā whakaritenga hop hei whakakapinga tūturu mō ngā phytoestrogens i te wā o te menopause i roto i ngā wāhine hei whakaora i ngā mura wera, te kore moe me ngā huringa wairua. I whakaatuhia i roto i tētahi rangahau i uru atu ki ngā wāhine 63 ka taea e te whakamahinga o ngā whakaritenga hop te whakaora i ngā tohu vasomotor me ngā mura wera e pā ana ki te menopause.
Te tiaki i ngā io: Kua kitea e ngā rangahau ka taea e ngā terpene hop te uru atu ki te arai toto-roro, te tiaki i ngā io, te whakarato i te tiaki ārai-mumura mō te roro, me te whakaiti i te ahotea waikura. I kitea e tētahi atu rangahau ka taea e te waikawa hop isoalcamp te whakarei ake i te mahara e pā ana ki te hippocampal me ngā mahi hinengaro e pā ana ki te prefrontal cortex mā te whakahohe i te tuku io dopamine. Ka taea e te waikawa kawa i roto i ngā hop te whakarei ake i te mahi mahara mā te tikanga e whakahaerehia ana e te norepinephrine neurotransmission. Ka taea e te waikawa hop isoalcamp te whakaiti i te mumura neuro me te ngoikore o te hinengaro i roto i ngā tauira mate neurodegenerative kiore, tae atu ki te mate a Alzheimer.
3. Te whakamahinga o ngā hōpī
E whakaatu ana ngā raraunga a Mordor ko te rahi o te mākete hop e kiia ana ko te 9.18 piriona tāra US i te tau 2025, ā, e matapaetia ana ka eke ki te 12.69 piriona tāra US i te tau 2030, me te tere tipu ā-tau o te 6.70% i roto i te wā matapae (2025-2030). Nā te tipu o te kai pia, te ia o te pia mahi toi me te whanaketanga o ngā momo hop hou, e matapaetia ana ka tipu tonu te mākete hop.
Hauora Justgood
He pekepekekāpū huawhenuakua whakarewahia. He pānga whakamoe tēnei hua, ā, he āwhina hoki ki te moe.
Wā tuku: Pipiri-24-2025